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Fort Carlos
Fort San Carlos, known later as Fort Carlos, was the name given to a series of at least two simple stockade forts built during the Spanish ownership of Arkansas Post (1763-1789) with the purpose of protecting the trading post from attack. Both incarnations of the fort were the focus of the post, containing the commander's house, barrack, commissary's apartment, provision storage, and powder magazines. The forts were named for Charles (Carlos) III, who was King of Spain in the latter half of the 18th century during which Spain possessed the post.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Arkansas Post National Memorial - Gillett, Arkansas )〕 The forts were located about 10 miles from the mouth of the Arkansas River, and at a second location about 35 miles upriver, on the north bank. The remains of all the Spanish forts are now inundated by the river, due to erosion of riverbanks, changing river course, and federal construction for navigation.〔
==Fort Carlos II==
When the Spanish took control of the Arkansas territory in 1763, they decided to move their garrison from the French colonial settlement of Arkansas Post closer to the mouth of the Arkansas River. This fort was built by 1768 about 10 miles from the mouth, as it was visited that year by British Captain Philip Pittman. He described it as consisting of:
"...a quadrangular form; the sides of the exterior polygon are about one hundred and eight feet, and one three pounder is mounted in the flanks and faces of each bastion. The buildings within the fort are, a barrack with three rooms for the soldiers, commanding officer‟s house, a powder magazine, and a magazine for provision, and an apartment for the commissary, all of which are in a ruinous condition. The fort stands about two hundred yards from the water-side, and is garrisoned by a captain, a lieutenant, and thirty French soldiers, including serjeants and corporals."〔
In both 1777 and 1778, the Arkansas Post was partially inundated during spring flooding. The captain, Balthazar de Villiers, wrote to the Spanish governor of Louisiana, Bernardo de Gálvez, requesting the post be moved upriver. De Villiers cited annual flooding and the long distance from the local Quapaw villages, where they were trading, as concerns. Gálvez gave permission for de Villiers to abandon the current site and move the post back to the site of the French settlement, about 35 miles upriver.〔 There is no mention of the fort remaining in use after this abandonment. Its remains are believed to have been eroded into the river.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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